In ordinary life, when the heart is all right, the person usually does not feel his work
It beats (or rather - reduced) rhythmically and peacefully under the influence arising from its electrical impulses. But is this the smooth process is broken, and the problems begin.
In a normal heart rate is 60-80 per minute. At the same arrhythmia (disturbance frequency, rhythm and sequence of excitation and contraction of the heart), it increases or decreases, or "engine" works intermittently, irregularly.
Sinus tachycardia - increased frequency of heart rhythm to 120-150 beats per minute. In healthy people, it occurs at the physical and emotional stress. But after their heart rate returns to normal.
Who is . Sustained sinus rhythm is more frequent to 100-140 beats per minute is observed with an increase in body temperature, myocarditis, heart failure, thyroid dysfunction, anemia, pulmonary embolism, diseases of the nervous system. In this state the patient is palpitation with unpleasant feelings in the heart.
Possible causes . The reason for this tachycardia can also be domestic, and toxic effects of drugs. Their elimination leads to the normalization of the destination without any special preparations. Often sinus tachycardia is a manifestation of vascular dystonia, in which case it is markedly reduced with a single breath.
Exit . In this situation, it is necessary primarily to treat diseases caused tachycardia.
Sinus bradycardia - sinus rhythm of the heart fall to 60-40 and less beats per minute.
Who is . Often there is healthy, especially in physically trained individuals (at rest, in a dream).
Possible causes . Sinus bradycardia may be a manifestation neurocirculatory dystonia, but also occur in myocardial infarction, sick sinus syndrome, an increase in intracranial pressure, decreased thyroid function (hypothyroidism), and certain viral diseases, under the influence of a number of drugs. It also occurs in the neuroses, diseases of the digestive system.
Exit . Some special treatment for sinus bradycardia is not required. Useful exercise therapy and massage is recommended to take ginseng, chamomile tea from the pharmacy. Treatment should be directed at the underlying disease. In severe cases (especially with sick sinus syndrome) there is a temporary or permanent pacing (installation of pacemaker - bypass).
Extrasystoles - Premature contraction of the heart and its departments, at which the electrical impulse does not come from the sinus node. Extrasystoles often asymptomatic, in some cases, the patient feels "push" in the chest, "stop" or heart pulsation in the epigastric region. This corresponds to the study of the pulse attenuation or loss once the pulse wave, when listening to the heart observed premature heart sounds.
Who is . Can accompany any heart disease, and half of the cases are not connected with that at all, reflecting the impact of heart vegetative and psycho-emotional disorders, as well as the balance of electrolytes in the body, the treatment of drug, alcohol and stimulants, smoking.
Possible causes . Meaning extrasystoles different. The case occasionally with a healthy heart usually are not significant, but the acceleration is sometimes indicates a worsening of existing diseases (coronary heart disease, myocarditis) or overdose of certain heart medicines.
Frequent atrial extrasystoles require more attention. Particularly unfavorable frequent variety of PVCs that can be harbingers of ventricular fibrillation.
Exit . Treat first underlying disease. Rare beats do not require special treatment. As an anti-arrhythmic agents for supraventricular arrhythmias apply some medication when ventricular - others. There are drugs that can be prescribed for all types of arrhythmia. But they are prescribed by a doctor. If you have any beats in patients receiving cardiac glycosides, they temporarily cancel prescribers potassium.
When ekstrasistoliyah reflex neuroses and people with diseases of the internal organs of the most important correction of diet and lifestyle, as well as the main treatment and comorbidity.
Paroxysmal tachycardia - attacks of an increased - 140-240 beats per minute - heartbeat regular rhythm with a sudden distinct beginning and the same sudden end with a duration of several seconds to several days.
SVT is often accompanied by sweating, urination abundant at the end of the attack, "rumbling" in the stomach, loose stools, slight fever. Prolonged attacks can be accompanied by weakness, faintness, discomfort in the heart region when conditions - angina, appearance or increase of heart failure.
Who is . Ventricular tachycardia is less common and is always associated with heart disease may be a precursor to flicker (atrial fibrillation) ventricles.
Possible causes . Same as in the arrythmia.
Exit . Sometimes it helps refusal to exercise. Paroxysm of supraventricular tachycardia can be terminated reflex methods: natuzhitsya, squeeze the abdominal muscles, hold your breath, press on the eyeballs, cause gagging.
With the ineffectiveness of these methods is used medications. In severe cases, or intraatrial-frequent transesophageal atrial pacing, cardioversion. The patient during an attack should be in a horizontal position.
If ventricular tachycardia is administered special drugs or also conduct cardioversion.
Atrial fibrillation - a chaotic contraction of muscle fibers of separate groups, in which the atria are generally not compressed, and the ventricles operate erratically, typically at a frequency of 100 to 150 beats per minute.
Who is . Atrial fibrillation with wrong pulse, heart sounds choppy sonority can be persistent or paroxysmal. It observed in mitral defect, coronary heart disease, hyperthyroidism, alcoholism. Frequent ventricular rhythm contributes to the emergence or growth of heart failure, but may not feel sick.
Exit . In most cases, the goal - not the restoration of the proper rhythm, and its curtailment. Here the main thing - the treatment of the underlying disease (hyperthyroidism, myocarditis), rapid elimination of defects of the heart, stopping alcohol.
To restore normal rhythm using special preparations. Spend vnutripredserdechnuyu or transesophageal atrial pacing, cardioversion.
Source
Industry News
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