Going on vacation, many dream of this exotic - never seen before fruit, lush mangroves, dark-skinned aborigines ... But do not forget that this whole beautiful and wild nature can sometimes present is not the most pleasant surprises. How to avoid the most common tropical infections?
The fact that in some countries in Africa, Asia, South and Central America there is the risk of becoming a victim of an exotic disease, they know everything. But, alas, few people aware of how dangerous these Tropical infections . However, according to the WHO, in 2006, from the bites of insects and tropical intestinal infections Obtained in not the most prosperous regions of the world, died a few tens of thousands of visitors go there to rest from the developed countries. What is to be feared in the first place?
The disease of dirty hands
... And dirty (or nedomytyh) fruits, vegetables, tap water and other unsanitary household - cholera . With this misfortune may be encountered in any tropical country.
The causative organism - microbe called Vibrio cholerae. He lives in water (rivers, swamps, at treatment facilities) and, once in the human small intestine, begins to multiply rapidly in the blood and throw huge amounts of toxins. Manifested cholera Usually a couple of days after infection: the infected person starts vomiting and diarrhea. You may experience convulsions, sometimes the condition becomes heavier drop in body temperature and blood pressure.
Dehydration at cholera It can be up to one liter per hour, and is the main cause of deaths in cholera. Treat this attack only in the hospital with antibiotics.
The most dangerous resorts - East India, Goa, Central Africa, Southeast Asia, the Caspian region.
What to do? Avoid contact with cholera patients Wash (and better - to process or antiseptic wipes) hands as often as possible, without exception, vegetables and fruits are washed with antibacterial soap and then parboil. Drinking and brushing teeth with only bottled water or boiled for 10 minutes, at least.
As midge bites
One of the most disgusting and sometimes fatal infections - malaria - Carried by mosquitoes. Diseases that infect human insects, called transmissible. Yourself malarial mosquitoes Of course, they do not get sick, but with their bite can "bestow" tourist malarial Plasmodium: single-celled creatures from the group Sporozoa.
The most dangerous Plasmodium lives in Africa, but also in Russia have their breeding grounds - in the Rostov, Astrakhan, Irkutsk region, as well as in the states of Central Asia and the Caucasus.
It is important to remember that the severity of the danger malaria directly dependent on the species of the parasite. The most dangerous lightning can cause three-day malaria, the result of which often becomes death. Some species of Plasmodium affects the blood vessels of the brain, resulting in a malarial coma.
Usual malaria Although flows pretty hard, but passes almost unnoticed.
What to do? If you are already caught in a "malaria edges", then you nothing else to do except from head to toe besmear oneself cream repellent and dress in tight clothes. But if you think suddenly guessed for some time before the trip, it makes sense to vaccinate or type immunoglobulin, and also to begin to take small doses of preventive anti-malarial drugs (they pick up an infectious diseases doctor, depending on the region in which you are going).
Keep in mind that tropical malaria It may appear and a few years after infection, so every visit to your doctor mentions his visit to the zone of risk.
The route is not for people with allergies!
One of the most serious vector-borne diseases that mosquitoes spread nemalyariynye is yellow fever . The lethal outcome occurs in 25% of cases. Foci of infection are in Central Africa and parts of South America - Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru.
Disease in a matter of days affects the kidneys, liver, eyes, and in the early stages yellow fever difficult to diagnose - the symptoms are similar to symptoms of many infectious diseases. The only accurate analysis - serum.
What to do? If you are going to visit the country at risk of yellow fever Be prepared for the fact that you are not allowed to enter the territory of the state without a vaccination international certificate that you vaccine was introduced (this must be done at least 10 days before entering the country, immunity lasts for 10 years).
But all is not so simple: to ensure that you have made to the vaccination, you will need to conclude an allergist, you do not have allergies to egg protein (it is the basis for a vaccine). Otherwise, the trip is likely to have to give.
The Nile is not only afraid of crocodiles ...
Another exotic attack - West Nile fever . The incubation period of the disease varies from 2 days to 3 weeks. At first it had contracted high fever: up to 38-40 ° C. Man tortures cold in the chest and weakness. In the future, there may be two ways of development of events - a lightweight aseptic meningitis, which passes without a trace, or severe encephalitis, which sometimes leads to death.
Virus West Nile fever transmitted through insect bites, and, alas, areas in which there is a risk of catching this infection are increasing.
What to do? While in the danger zone around the clock to use repellents and insecticides, to avoid contact with poultry (even with the split carcass of poultry grown in this region).
Tasteless Lyme disease
Lyme Disease Better known as Lyme disease Can watch for the traveler not only in the humid and hot subtropical. Any "wild" tourists, go hiking on the central Russia, the North Caucasus, Southern Siberia risks fasten the ticks, which are carriers of infection borreliosis . It so happens that the disease is sleeping in the human body for several years and then suddenly manifested severe lesions of the skin, nervous system and joints.
What to do? You can avoid the disease, to protect themselves from tick bites: that is, gathering wood, it is necessary to dress in tight clothes with long sleeves and trousers, and all exposed skin copiously process repellent. If a tick has bitten you yet, it is necessary to urgently submit bitten place doctor to find out whether the body has got an infection.
Curse terrible flies
One of the most famous of infectious diseases in Africa, is particularly common in Angola, Uganda and Congo It is sleeping sickness . The causative organism - microbe flagellar trypanosomes. Transfer this infection Tsetse : Moreover, the older the fly, so it is more contagious. At first carotid disease proceeds like a normal flu, but penetrated into the brain, the infection begins to destroy it. First, people going crazy, and then falls into a coma and die rather quickly.
It is important that the disease progresses slowly from infection to death can take from four months to several years.
How to avoid? If the bite Tsetse seek medical advice immediately, it will introduce a special medication that will stop the spread of infection.
According to Jacob Tulnov infectious diseases, we know little about contagion:
- Unfortunately, the Russian tourists is literate about the real infectious threat that lies in wait for them in some not very well-off regions of the globe . Of course, one hand resting in a poor country is much cheaper than in developed, but we must prepare for it properly . In particular, consult with experts on local infectious and parasitic diseases: in this issue you can help even local therapist . In some countries - especially in Central Africa, South America and Southeast Asia, I would not recommend driving without pre-vaccinations against hepatitis A and B, malaria, at least . The fact that it is necessary to observe the rules of hygiene and is not unfamiliar food, I say I will not - that's understandable, but I would like to warn travelers of the manifestations of a special love for wild animals: more than 60% of infections - Zoonotic, that is transmitted from monkeys, crocodiles elephants and man! And also from the excessive "fraternization" with the natives: of course, the friendship of the peoples, that's fine, but many pathogens have no effect on the local inhabitants can become deadly for visitors .
Yulia Polonskaya
Treatment and prevention
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