On the protection of the health of breast Arise

Today, breast cancer (BC) was the most common and dangerous of cancer among Russians over the past 10 years, the incidence has increased by 30% and continues to grow. In Moscow it is annually diagnosed in 3, 5 thousand patients. The trouble is that we are still breast cancer is often detected in the late stages, when treatment is a challenge.

On what modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, there are some innovations are waiting for us in this area, said the chief columnist mammolog Russia, Deputy Director of Federal "Russian Scientific Center of Radiology," the Health Ministry of Russia, Professor Nadezhda Rozhkova.

Perhaps soon all Russian women from 20 to 40 years old will be screened for breast cancer, a new method.

- Nadezhda Ivanovna, is it true that the increase in the incidence of breast cancer is associated with the fact that Muscovites and Russians in recent years has had an opportunity to rest on the sea, not only in summer but in winter, and that often they were roasting in the open sun topless?

- Well, it is not so. I think the increase is due mainly to the fact that we live in chronic stress to which the female body reacts very sensitively. It is no coincidence urban women, including Muscovites, breast cancer sick 3 times more likely than residents of rural areas, who live in a measured pace is rapid information flow. Today, the highest in Russia the death rate from breast cancer - in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Citizen constantly in a hurry, in connection with the computerization speed was higher, the body does not have time to adapt to these difficult conditions. In addition, before going natural extinction, remained to live only healthy people. Now, thanks to new medical technologies to people saves lives, but it does not guarantee the absolute health. And this may be one reason for a rather low percentage of the birth of healthy children.

- What are the risk factors for breast cancer other?

- Most often, it is diagnosed in women over the age of 40 years, but in recent years the disease younger, and often find, even in his 20-year-olds .  At risk nulliparous women are giving birth after 35 years, with early (up to 12), the beginning of menstruation, taking hormone replacement therapy .  Of course, the role played by overweight, oncological burdened heredity through the maternal line, poor diet, smoking, alcohol .  It is believed that 10 grams of pure alcohol per day increases the risk of breast cancer .  However, 80% of the breast cancer risk factors are controlled, i.e. they can act .  For example, there is less fat, do not smoke, do not abuse alcohol, move more, try to positively adjust to any situation in life by avoiding chronic stress and time to be surveyed .  After all, the earlier breast cancer is diagnosed, the more likely the patient survive .  For example, if breast cancer is found in the 1st stage, the possibility to live 20 or more years is 92-98% .  For a long time, breast cancer is asymptomatic, and it is often detected at the time when there was a palpable tumor .  In such cases, an urgent need to go to the doctor .  And when a woman comes to the oncologist with an already large palpable tumor, doctors can only confirm the presence of breast cancer and to send to the oncologist to decide on complex treatment .

- How can we change the situation?

- A huge role in this regard should play the prevention and early diagnosis .  Even 15 years ago, before the introduction of the survey with the help of special methods of diagnosis, half of the patients die in the first five years after surgery .  It would seem that the mammary gland is available for inspection and palpation .  Nevertheless, at a polyclinic stage when the cancer is detected errors up to 36%, and patients with 1-2-th stage of cancer detected only 13-16% .  Today, there is a high level of development of screening technology .  There were mobile mammography complexes, offices US .  But we must remember that the X-ray mammography to screen in the absence of complaints is not recommended for women under 40 because of the radiation dose, and ultrasound often can not detect some types of cancer neproschupyvaemogo .  But today there was an innovative diagnostic method developed by Russian specialists - absolutely harmless and painless, it can be carried out, and the young girls and pregnant and lactating .  Sensitive instruments can detect pathological changes, when the tumor has not even formed at t . n .  precancer stage .  And from the beginning of the pathological changes before the appearance of a tumor the size of a square centimeter can take several months, and 17-20 years .

- This diagnosis is already available?

- Today elektroimpedensnaya mammography is used in a number of metropolitan hospitals .  The method of cheap and easy, it can be used to conduct a survey in all the clinics, antenatal clinics, maternity homes, it does not require special equipment, and equipped with cabinet .  We believe that it is necessary to introduce mass screening of the female population of Russia at the age of 20-40 years .  As a result the patient will be distributed by risk groups: completely healthy will be encouraged to be tested in two years, with the identified risk factors - to make US and in school health for the prevention of diseases, and to changes in the breast - to make an X-ray mammograms regardless of age, to exclude the earliest manifestations of cancer and other diseases that can be treated conservatively, thereby prevent a serious threat .  It is estimated that if patients first to examine this harmless by about two-thirds of them will no longer need to follow mammography .

With these proposals, we, together with the chief oncologist Russia Valery Chissovym plan to apply to the Health Ministry. We propose to carry out pilot projects such mass screening in several regions - Tatarstan, Vladimir region, and so on. If they show efficiency, this experience can be replicated throughout the country. By the way, in Moscow in 2004, we introduced a program of prophylactic medical examination of the female population, provides for the mandatory x-ray of mammalogy for women over 35 years old - in the end in the capital of the highest percentage of detection of patients with the 1st and 2nd stage of breast cancer. I think the mass screening of Russian women to 40 years will allow us to reach the desired level of early detection of breast cancer and a serious decline in the death rate from this disease.

- But, to "lure" the patient prior to such examination may have to conduct information work?

- Of course, this is very important - people need to know about the new technologies of diagnosis, sparing inpatient treatment, as well as ways of self. It is proved that if a woman carries out regular self-examination, the frequency of metastases in breast cancer is reduced by 35%.

reference

Today, breast cancer is diagnosed in 465,000 Russians; is projected to physicians, by 2020 this figure will rise to 2 million. If the absolute number of newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in 1998 in Russia amounted to 42 607, in 2009 - already 54 315. In 2010, breast cancer is 20, 1% in the structure of malignant tumors of the female population of Russia.

According oncologists to rectify the situation with mortality from breast cancer, diagnostic tests should be done five times more than are now pursuing. According to the requirements of the WHO in screening should be identified not less than 80% risk of developing breast cancer.

- What other modern methods of diagnosis and treatment exist today?

- For example, the target biopsy system "needle gun" .  The doctor inserts the needle does not touch as had to do before, and precisely how, under X-ray and ultrasound, using a special gun .  Passage of the needle hardly changes the structure of tissues .  There are vacuum aspiration biopsy, which allows you to get in the outpatient setting dolechebnom on stage not only the cellular material, tissue, and prognostic factors .  It is essential to selecting treatment tactics .  Currently, there were conservative treatments are not only benign, but early forms of cancer .  Very interesting is FUS method based on heat treatment of the tumor with focused ultrasound beam (the patient feels only slight heat) .  Method only about 5 years old, he showed good results, but we still do not have their own experience .

- Many women who have had surgery to remove the breast (mastetomiyu), is very worried about their appearance. What they offer modern technology?

- After removal of the breast in women can be severe scarring. However, today there are biological prosthetics made on the basis of nanotechnology - they allow you to reverse the defects of the skin, improve its appearance and quality There are special lingerie for women after mastectomy, with microcapsules which have a cooling effect and reduces the temperature at the site of the scar 2 degrees. Our women should be aware of these updates, as well as sparing technologies of diagnosis and treatment.

Source

Industry News

Go back to the main page